They are specialized engineering facilities designed to treat raw water from sources such as rivers, lakes, or wells and transform it into clean and safe drinking water. These plants process the water through multiple stages to ensure compliance with global quality standards.

1. Intake Stage:
Water is drawn from sources like wells or seawater using advanced systems that protect the environment and meet international standards for operational efficiency.

2. Removal of Large Solids:
Water passes through filters to remove sand, silt, and debris. Techniques like screening and sand filtration protect downstream equipment and reduce energy and chemical use.

3. Chemical Treatment:

• Coagulation: Chemicals neutralize particles, making them stick together.
• Flocculation: Water is stirred to form larger clusters (flocs) that can easily settle, improving water quality.

4. Sedimentation:
Heavier particles settle in basins through gravity, removing most suspended solids before filtration.

5. Filtration:
Water flows through multi-layered filters made of sand, gravel, and activated carbon to remove fine particles, algae, and bacteria. Filters are cleaned regularly to maintain efficiency.

6. Disinfection:
Bacteria and viruses are eliminated using chlorine, UV light, or ozone to ensure the water is safe and meets health standards.

7. Drying Ponds:
Sludge and solids from earlier processes are transferred to drying ponds, where water evaporates or drains, leaving solid waste for safe disposal or reuse.

1. Providing Safe Drinking Water:
These plants ensure the supply of clean water for drinking, cooking, and household uses, improving public health and reducing dependence on unsafe water sources.

2. Disease Prevention:
They help eliminate bacteria, viruses, and harmful chemicals that can cause diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and food poisoning, contributing to better public health and lower healthcare costs.

3. Improving Quality of Life:
By providing clean water, they support healthy and economic development, ensure a healthy environment for communities, and boost productivity in sectors like education, industry, and agriculture, positively impacting economic growth and environmental sustainability.